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A rockfall or rock-fall [1] is a quantity of rock that has fallen freely from a cliff face. The term is also used for collapse of rock from roof or walls of mine or quarry workings. The term is also used for collapse of rock from roof or walls of mine or quarry workings.
Talus cones produced by mass moving, north shore of Isfjord, Svalbard, Norway Mass wasting at Palo Duro Canyon, West Texas (2002) A rockfall in Grand Canyon National Park. Mass wasting, also known as mass movement, [1] is a general term for the movement of rock or soil down slopes under the force of gravity.
Scree is formed by rockfall, [3] [6] which distinguishes it from colluvium. Colluvium is rock fragments or soil deposited by rainwash, sheetwash, or slow downhill creep, usually at the base of gentle slopes or hillsides. [7] However, the terms scree, talus, [2] [3] and sometimes colluvium [8] tend to be used interchangeably.
Cross-section diagram of a thrust fault with a fault-bend fold. A thrust fault has the same sense of motion as a reverse fault, but with the dip of the fault plane at less than 45°. [22] [23] Thrust faults typically form ramps, flats and fault-bend (hanging wall and footwall) folds.
Rockslide at Oddicombe Beach in Devon, UK Rockslides in Nigeria Landslips. A rockslide is a type of landslide caused by rock failure in which part of the bedding plane of failure passes through compacted rock and material collapses en masse and not in individual blocks.
La Conchita is a small community located on the southern California coastline between Ventura and Santa Barbara. [2] It lies on a narrow strip of land about 250 meters (820 feet) wide between the shoreline and abutting a 180-meter (590 ft) high bluff. [2]
A schematic diagram of the morphology of coastal/marine terraces. Periodic uplift will force old shorelines up, which create the terrace treads. Wave erosion on these old shorelines will produce the scarp, or terrace riser. A satellite image of the Himalayas and the rainshadow effect.
A rockfall protection embankment is an earthwork built in elevation with respect to the ground to intercept falling rock fragments before elements at risk such as roads and buildings are reached. This term is widely used in the rockfall community but the terms bunds and walls are sometimes used as alternatives.