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Following the El Nino event in 1997 – 1998, the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory attributes the first large-scale coral bleaching event to the warming waters. [169] Most critically, global mass bleaching events were recorded in 1997-98 and 2015–16, when around 75-99% losses of live coral were registered across the world.
El Niño is a natural climate event caused by the Southern Oscillation, popularly known as El Niño or also in meteorological circles as El Niño-Southern Oscillation or ENSO, [6] through which global warming of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean results in the development of unusually warm waters between the coast of South America and the ...
The 1997–98 El Niño Event had various effects on tropical cyclone activity around the world, with more tropical cyclones than average occurring in the Pacific basins. . This included the Southern Pacific basin between 160°E and 120°W, where 16 tropical cyclones in the South Pacific were observed during the 1997–98 season compared to an average of aroun
The 2014–2016 El Niño was the strongest El Niño event on record, with unusually warm waters developing between the coast of South America and the International Date Line. These unusually warm waters influenced the world's weather in a number of ways, which in turn significantly affected various parts of the world.
Across Alaska, El Niño events do not have a correlation towards dry or wet conditions; however, La Niña events lead to drier than normal conditions.During El Niño events, increased precipitation is expected in Southern California, Arizona, and New Mexico due to a more southerly, zonal, storm track over the Southwest, leading to increased winter snowpack, but a more subdued summer monsoon ...
The 1982–1983 El Niño event was one of the strongest El Niño events since records were kept. It led to droughts in Indonesia and Australia , widespread flooding across the southern United States , lack of snow in the northern United States, and an anomalously warm winter across much of the mid-latitude regions of North America and Eurasia ...
The recharge oscillator model for El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a theory described for the first time in 1997 by Jin., [1] which explains the periodical variation of the sea surface temperature and thermocline depth that occurs in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean. The physical mechanisms at the basis of this oscillation are ...
The multivariate ENSO index, abbreviated as MEI, is a method used to characterize the intensity of an El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. Given that ENSO arises from a complex interaction of a variety of climate systems, MEI is regarded as the most comprehensive index for monitoring ENSO since it combines analysis of multiple meteorological and oceanographic components.