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Electric heat tracing, heat tape or surface heating, is a system used to maintain or raise the temperature of pipes and vessels using heat tracing cables. Trace heating takes the form of an electrical heating element run in physical contact along the length of a pipe.
The application of thermal pipe insulation introduces thermal resistance and reduces the heat flow. Thicknesses of thermal pipe insulation used for saving energy vary, but as a general rule, pipes operating at more-extreme temperatures exhibit a greater heat flow and larger thicknesses are applied due to the greater potential savings. [3]
A similar-appearing product is mineral-insulated trace heating cable, in which the conductors are made of a high-resistance alloy. A heating cable is used to protect pipes from freezing or to maintain the temperature of process piping and vessels. An MI resistance heating cable may not be repairable if damaged.
Thermal insulation is integral to greenhouse design, enabling controlled environments for plant growth and energy efficiency. Common insulation techniques include the use of double-layer films and multi-wall polycarbonate panels, which trap air between layers to reduce heat transfer while maintaining sufficient light transmission for ...
For example, a 4" pipe, with 1" of thermal insulation makes a 6" penetrant (1" pipe covering on each side of the pipe), plus two pipe sizes = an 8" sleeve, creating a 1" annulus. In case of insulated piping, the size of the insulation must be taken into account for the intended firestop certification listing .
In-situ thermal insulation measurement according to ASTM C0141, applying a heat flux sensor to a boiler wall. On-site heat flux measurements are often focused on testing the thermal transport properties of for example pipes, tanks, ovens and boilers, by calculating the heat flux q or the apparent thermal conductivity.