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Adipsia, also known as hypodipsia, is a symptom of inappropriately decreased or absent feelings of thirst. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It involves an increased osmolality or concentration of solute in the urine, which stimulates secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the hypothalamus to the kidneys.
In adults over the age of 50 years, the body's thirst sensation reduces and continues diminishing with age, putting this population at increased risk of dehydration. [6] Several studies have demonstrated that elderly persons have lower total water intakes than younger adults, and that women are particularly at risk of too low an intake.
Most people can tolerate a 3-4% decrease in total body water without difficulty or adverse health effects. A 5-8% decrease can cause fatigue and dizziness. Loss of over 10% of total body water can cause physical and mental deterioration, accompanied by severe thirst. Death occurs with a 15 and 25% loss of body water. [4]
Older adults are prone to dehydration for many reasons. Learn how to identify the symptoms of dehydration in older adults based on how they look and feel.
Signs and symptoms of psychogenic polydipsia include: [3] Excessive thirst and xerostomia, leading to overconsumption of water; Hyponatraemia, causing headache, muscular weakness, twitching, confusion, vomiting, irritability etc., although this is only seen in 20–30% of cases.
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Discontinuation of hydration does not produce true thirst, although a sensation of dryness of the mouth often is reported as "thirst". The evidence that true thirst does not occur is extensive, [ citation needed ] along with evidence showing that the ill feeling is not relieved by giving fluids intravenously, but rather by wetting the tongue ...