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Pinus brutia is a medium-size tree, reaching 20–35 metres (66–115 feet) tall with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m (3 + 1 ⁄ 2 ft), exceptionally 2 m (6 + 1 ⁄ 2 ft). The young bark is thin and red-orange, maturing to grey-brown to orange in color, fissured to flaky in texture.
Only about 40% of the ecoregion is covered in vegetation, generally shrubs, herbaceous cover, and open forest. The forest type is mostly determined by altitude zones. From 2,100-2,500 meters elevation the forest is drier, with Chilgoza pine (Pinus gerardiana), holly oak (Quercus baloot), species of the beech family , and cedar .
In the United States the pine tree Pinus palustris, known as the longleaf pine, once covered as much as 90,000,000 acres (360,000 km 2) but due to timber harvesting was reduced by between 95% and 97%. The trees grow very large (up to 150 feet), taking 100 to 150 years to mature and can live up to 500 years.
The cones are long and slender, 16–32 cm, yellow-buff when mature, with thin scales; the seeds are 5–6 mm long with a 20–30 mm wing. Typical habitats are mountain screes and glacier forelands, but it will also form old-growth forests as the primary species or in mixed forests with deodar , birch , spruce , and fir .
[5] [6] [7] After years of sustained fighting and casualties, the U.S. military closed Korangal Outpost on April 14, 2010; the valley subsequently reverted to Taliban control. [8] Forty-two American servicemen died fighting in the Korangal and hundreds were wounded, primarily between 2006 and 2009. Many Afghan soldiers died there as well.
Pinus pungens is a tree of modest size (6–12 metres or 20–39 feet), and has a rounded, irregular shape. The needles are in bundles of two, occasionally three, yellow-green to mid green, fairly stout, and 4–7 centimetres (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 –3 in) long. The pollen is released early compared to other pines in the area which minimizes hybridization.
Pinus gerardiana, commonly known as the chilghoza pine or neja, is a pine species native to parts of central and southern Asia, including the western Himalayas. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) listed it as near threatened in 2011.
Pinus sabiniana trees typically grow to 11–14 metres (36–45 ft), but can reach 32 m (105 ft). The pine needles are in fascicles (bundles) of three, distinctively pale gray-green, sparse and drooping, and grow to 20–30 centimetres (8–12 in) in length.