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  2. Westernization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westernization

    Westernization has been reversed in some countries following war or regime change. For example: Russia in aftermath of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and Iran by the Iranian Revolution in 1979. [44] The main characteristics are economic and political democratisation, combined with the spread of an individualised culture.

  3. Sanskritisation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskritisation

    Sanskritisation (or Sanskritization) is a term in sociology which refers to the process by which castes or tribes placed lower in the caste hierarchy seek upward mobility by emulating the rituals and practices of the dominant castes or upper castes.

  4. Sanskritisation (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskritisation_(linguistics)

    During the medieval era, the Indian languages had taken in a lot of Perso-Arabic influences as a result of Muslim invasions, particularly in the northwestern subcontinent; [20] colonial-era education policies, religious nationalism, and the influence of some of the more Sanskritised Indian languages played a role in Hindus and Muslims increasingly separating in terms of their linguistic ...

  5. Outline of the history of Western civilization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of...

    History of Western civilization – record of the development of human civilization beginning in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, and generally spreading westwards. Ancient Greek science, philosophy, democracy, architecture, literature, and art provided a foundation embraced and built upon by the Roman Empire as it swept up Europe, including ...

  6. East-west cultural debate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East-West_Cultural_Debate

    Since the 16th century, Western learning has spread eastward, sparking a dispute between the East and West.During the Ming Dynasty, Xu Guangqi believed that "it is advantageous for the country, regardless of distance" and pointed out that "in order to surpass the West in science and technology, we must first understand it".

  7. East–West dichotomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East–West_dichotomy

    Further, residents of different parts of the world perceive the boundaries differently; for example, some European scholars define Russia as East, but most agree that it is the West's second complementary part, [3] and Islamic nations regard it and other predominantly Christian nations as the West. [2]

  8. Bunmei-kaika - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunmei-kaika

    Japanese people were fascinated by Western culture at this time. However, different classes of people had different attitudes toward bunmei-kaika. For peasants who were of relatively low rank, taxes became a heavy burden, and anti-policy riots called ikki (一揆) occurred. [6] Westernization changed the way people thought.

  9. Gharbzadegi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gharbzadegi

    It was also used in Sprachman's translation to distinguish between the noun (gharbzadegi) and the essay's title ("Plagued by the West"), a term which is often included in German references as well (Geplagt vom Westen). [1] "Occidentosis"; this appears in the title of Robert Campbell's English translation and L'occidentalité in the French. [1]

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