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It specified two raw data rates of 1 and 2 megabits per second (Mbit/s) to be transmitted via infrared (IR) signals or by either frequency hopping or direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) in the Industrial Scientific Medical frequency band at 2.4 GHz.
In contrast to standard Ethernet according to IEEE 802.3 and Ethernet bridging according to IEEE 802.1Q, time is very important in TSN networks.For real-time communication with hard, non-negotiable time boundaries for end-to-end transmission latencies, all devices in this network need to have a common time reference and therefore, need to synchronize their clocks among each other.
IEEE P802.1p was a task group active from 1995 to 1998, responsible for adding traffic class expediting and dynamic multicast filtering to the IEEE 802.1D standard. The task group developed a mechanism for implementing quality of service (QoS) at the media access control (MAC) level.
Timing and Synchronization for Time-Sensitive Applications — YANG Data Model in progress [52] 802.1ASds Support for the IEEE Std 802.3 Clause 4 Media Access Control (MAC) operating in half-duplex in progress [53] 802.1ASeb Optional Use of Announce in progress [54] 802.1ASed Fault-Tolerant Timing with Time Integrity in progress [55] 802.1AS-rev
Real time gathering of link status; Allowing for single hop appearance at the networking layer (not breaking standard L3 mechanisms) Support for broadcast; Support for multicast; Effective frame forwarding; The draft recommended practice is under development; more information can be found on the IEEE 802.15.10 web page.
Following a beacon frame that includes a DTIM, the access point will release the buffered broadcast and multicast data, if any exists. Since beacon frames are sent using the mandatory 802.11 algorithm for carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA), the access point must wait if a client device is sending a frame when the ...
The Microsoft Windows Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) API has supported extensions for monitor mode since NDIS version 6, first available in Windows Vista. [1] NDIS 6 supports exposing 802.11 frames to the upper protocol levels, [ 2 ] while previous versions only exposed fake Ethernet frames translated from the 802.11 frames.
The use of TXOPs reduces the problem of low rate stations gaining an inordinate amount of channel time in the legacy 802.11 DCF MAC. A TXOP time interval of 0 means it is limited to a single MAC service data unit (MSDU) or MAC management protocol data unit (MMPDU). The levels of priority in EDCA are called access categories (ACs).