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With the outbreak of World War II, the SS Einsatzgruppen units followed the army into Poland and the Soviet Union, where from 1941 to 1945 they murdered more than two million people, including 1.3 million Jews. [232] A third of the Einsatzgruppen members were recruited from Waffen-SS personnel.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 19 February 2025. Economic and sociopolitical worldview For the political ideology commonly associated with states governed by communist parties, see Marxism–Leninism. Karl Marx, after whom Marxism is named. Friedrich Engels, who co-developed Marxism. Marxism is a political philosophy and method of ...
According to Encyclopedia Britannica, the Soviet Union during the period of Joseph Stalin's rule was a "modern example" of a totalitarian state, being among "the first examples of decentralized or popular totalitarianism, in which the state achieved overwhelming popular support for its leadership."
After World War II [ edit ] A new upsurge of revolutionary feeling swept across Europe in the aftermath of World War II , though it was not as strong as the one triggered by World War I that resulted in a failed socialist revolution in Germany and a successful one in Russia.
The Nazis believed in war as the primary engine of human progress, and argued that the purpose of a country's economy should be to enable that country to fight and win wars of expansion. [5] As such, almost immediately after coming to power, they embarked on a vast program of military rearmament , which quickly dwarfed civilian investment. [ 6 ]
Although Marxist theory suggested that industrial societies were the most suitable places for social revolution (either through peaceful transition or by force of arms), communism was mostly successful in underdeveloped countries with endemic poverty such as the Republic of China. [3]
Chiang Kai-shek, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill meet at the Cairo Conference in 1943 during World War II.. The "Four Policemen" was a postwar council with the Big Four that US President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed as a guarantor of world peace.
About 1.2 million Austrians served in all branches of the German armed forces during World War II. After the defeat of the Axis Powers, the Allies occupied Austria in four occupation zones set up at the end of World War II until 1955, when the country again became a fully independent republic under the condition that it remained neutral.