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A nerve sheath tumor is a type of tumor of the nervous system (nervous system neoplasm) which is made up primarily of the myelin surrounding nerves. Nerve sheath tumors can be benign or malignant, and may affect both the peripheral and central nervous systems.
Neuromas tend to be benign (i.e. not cancerous); many nerve tumors, including those that are commonly malignant, are nowadays referred to by other terms. Neuromas can arise from different types of nervous tissue, including the nerve fibers and their myelin sheath, as in the case of genuine neoplasms (growths) like ganglioneuromas and neurinomas.
Peripheral nerve tumors, also called tumors of peripheral nerves or tumors of the peripheral nervous system, are a diverse category with a range of morphological characteristics and biological potential. [1] They are categorized as either benign or malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. [2] [3]
A nervous system tumor is a tumor that arises within the nervous system, either the central nervous system (CNS) or the peripheral nervous system (PNS). [1] [2] Nervous system primary tumors include various types of brain tumor and spinal tumors, such as gliomas, and meningiomas (of the CNS), and schwannomas (of the PNS) and can be either benign or malignant.
Primary PNS tumors originate in the peripheral nerves and nerve sheaths. These tumors are often benign but can sometimes be malignant. Common types of primary PNS tumors include: Schwannomas: Tumors arising from Schwann cells, which produce the myelin sheath surrounding peripheral nerves
Malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumor (previously known as melanotic schwannoma) is a rare aggressive peripheral nerve sheath tumor that typically develops in conjunction with spinal or visceral autonomic nerves, consisting uniformly of Schwann cells displaying melanocytic differentiation.
[14] [6] [7] Intradural-extramedullary tumors are located within the dura but outside of the spinal cord parenchyma, with the most common being meningiomas and nerve sheath tumors (e.g. schwannomas, neurofibromas). [5] [14] [7] Extradural tumors are located outside the dura mater most commonly in the vertebral bodies from metastatic disease. [1]
A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a form of cancer of the connective tissue surrounding peripheral nerves. Given its origin and behavior it is classified as a sarcoma. About half the cases are diagnosed in people with neurofibromatosis; the lifetime risk for an MPNST in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 is 8–13%. [2]