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The Peace of Augsburg (1555), signed by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, confirmed the result of the 1526 Diet of Speyer and ended the violence between the Lutherans and the Catholics in Germany. It stated that: German princes could choose the religion (Lutheranism or Catholicism) of their realms according to their conscience.
(3) Laid the legal groundwork for two co-existing religious confessions (Catholicism and Lutheranism) in the German-speaking states of the Holy Roman Empire. The Peace of Augsburg ( German : Augsburger Frieden ), also called the Augsburg Settlement , [ 1 ] was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor , and the Schmalkaldic League , signed ...
Lutheranism as a religious movement originated in the early 16th century Holy Roman Empire as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church.The movement originated with the call for a public debate regarding several issues within the Catholic Church by Martin Luther, then a professor of Bible at the young University of Wittenberg.
In the 16th-century context, the term mainly covers four major movements: Lutheranism, Calvinism, the Radical Reformation, and the Catholic Reformation and Counter-Reformation. Since the late 20th century , historians often use the plural of the term to emphasize that the Reformation was not a uniform and coherent historical phenomenon but the ...
The Regensburg Reconciliation (1541) was a failed attempt by Catholics and Lutheran Protestants to reunite. [12] The "traditionally Roman" nations of France, Spain and Italy endured the Roman Inquisitions as of 1542. The inquisitions were aimed at all those considered heretical by the Catholic Church but predominately targeted Protestants as it ...
The fifth round of talks in the Lutheran-Roman Catholic dialogue notes, In calling the pope the "antichrist," the early Lutherans stood in a tradition that reached back into the eleventh century. Not only dissidents and heretics but even saints had called the bishop of Rome the "antichrist" when they wished to castigate his abuse of power. [5]
Over time, however, this term came to be used for the religious movements that opposed the Catholic tradition in the 16th century. Lutheranism would become known as a separate movement after the 1530 Diet of Augsburg , which was convened by Charles V to try to stop the growing Protestant movement.
In Germany, a hundred years later, protests against Roman Catholic authorities erupted in many places at once during a time of threatened Islamic Ottoman invasion ¹ which distracted the German princes in particular. To some degree, these protests can be explained by the events of the previous two centuries in Europe and particularly in Bohemia.