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The differences between the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) and the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS) arise from theological, historical, and cultural factors. The LCMS was briefly in fellowship with the former The American Lutheran Church, one of the ELCA predecessor bodies from 1969 to the early 1980s.
LCMC is characterized by the stances it takes on Lutheran polity, biblical authority, and human sexuality. The group describes itself as "centrist" or "mainstream", noting that it stands between the more liberal ELCA and the more conservative Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS) and other Lutheran church bodies in North America.
Meyer, Carl S. Moving Frontiers: Readings in the History of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod (1986) Roeber, A. G. Palatines, Liberty, and Property: German Lutherans in Colonial British America (1998) Wengert, Timothy J. and Mark Granquist, eds. Dictionary of Luther and the Lutheran Traditions (2017)
The Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod (LCMS), also known as the Missouri Synod, [2] is a confessional Lutheran denomination in the United States. With 1.7 million members as of 2022 [ 4 ] it is the second-largest Lutheran body in the United States, behind the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America .
The group describes itself as embodying the "theological center of Lutheranism in North America", noting that it stands between the more liberal Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) and the more conservative Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS) and other Lutheran church bodies in North America, "firmly within the global Lutheran ...
Instead of having its own seminaries, Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ (LCMC) hosts Lutheran Studies programs at other Christian institutions, some of which are affiliated with and/or serve other Lutheran Denominations: Cross-Cultural Ministry Center hosted at Concordia University Irvine (California): affiliated with LCMS [3]
At the time of the merger, The ALC was the third largest Lutheran church body in the United States, behind the Lutheran Church in America and Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod. In 1986, just before its merger into the ELCA, The ALC had 7,671 pastors, 4,959 congregations, and 2,319,443 members. [2]
The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA), on the other hand, has been open to historical-critical methods of Biblical interpretation which seek to understand the scriptures with primary reference to historical and social context. Most other specific doctrinal differences between the two churches stem from this overarching disagreement.