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The megakaryocyte develops through the following lineage: CFU-Meg (hematopoietic stem cell/hemocytoblast) → megakaryoblast → promegakaryocyte → megakaryocyte. Megakaryocytes are derived from hematopoietic stem cell precursor cells in the bone marrow. They are produced primarily by the liver, kidney, spleen, and bone marrow.
During thrombopoiesis, the promegakaryocyte matures into the form of a megakaryocyte. From the megakaryocyte, platelets are formed. [1] The megakaryoblast is the beginning of the thrombocytic series or platelet forming series. Megakaryoblasts typically have a large oval-shaped nucleus or a nucleus that is lobed with many nuclei. [2]
Thrombopoietin (THPO) also known as megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the THPO gene. Thrombopoietin is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the liver and kidney which regulates the production of platelets .
Langhans giant cells are named for the pathologist who discovered them, Theodor Langhans. Like many of the other kinds of giant cell formations, epithelioid macrophages fuse together and form a multinucleated giant cell. The nuclei form a circle or semicircle similar to the shape of a horseshoe away from the center of the cell.
CFU-GEMM is a colony forming unit that generates myeloid cells.CFU-GEMM cells are the oligopotential progenitor cells [1] [2] for myeloid cells; they are thus also called common myeloid progenitor cells or myeloid stem cells.
Megakaryocyte: Platelets if considered distinct cells, currently there's debate on the subject. Monocyte (white blood cell) Connective tissue macrophage (various types) Epidermal Langerhans cell: Osteoclast: in bone Dendritic cell: Microglial cell: central nervous system: Neutrophil granulocyte: myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte
In order to eventually produce a megakaryocyte, the haematopoietic stem cell must generate myeloid cells, so it becomes a common myeloid progenitor, CFU-GEMM. This in turn develops into CFU-Meg, which is the colony forming unit that leads to the production of megakaryocytes. [1] [2] [3] Some sources prefer the term "CFU-Mega". [4]
In 2012, a research paper showed that when activated CD4+ T cells and monocytes are in close contact, interaction of CD40-CD40L between these two cells and subsequent IFNγ secretion by the T cells causes upregulation and secretion of fusion-related molecule DC-STAMP (dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein) by the monocytes, which results in LGC formation.