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Plates protecting the torso reappeared in the 1220s as plates directly attached to a knightly garment known as the surcoat. [2] [1] Around 1250 this developed into the coat of plates which continued to be in use for about a century. [3] [1] True breastplates reappear in Europe in 1340 first composed of wrought iron and later of steel.
The plates in the lorica segmentata armor were made by overlapping ferrous plates that were then riveted to straps made from leather. [1] [4] [5] It is unknown what animal was used to make the leather and if it was tanned or tawed. [1] The plates were made of soft iron on the inside and rolled mild steel on the outside. [1]
An Ancient Greek bronze cuirass, dated between 620 and 580 BC. In Hellenistic and Roman times, the musculature of the male torso was idealized in the form of the muscle cuirass [2] or "heroic cuirass" (in French the cuirasse esthétique) [3] sometimes further embellished with symbolic representation in relief, familiar in the Augustus of Prima Porta and other heroic representations in official ...
Senior commanders are known to have worn white cloaks and plumes. The centurions, who made up the officer ranks, had decorations on their chest plates corresponding to modern medals, and the long cudgels that they carried. Examples of items of Roman military personal armour included: Galea or soldier's helmet.
Kasten-brust armour was a style of early gothic armour widely used in the Holy Roman Empire. Typical harness construction consists of: a grand-bascinet helm or a bicoque helmet, box-shaped cuirass , gauntlets with a long cuff and a rectangular cutout and a plate skirt known as a tonlet.
After about 1340, the plates covering the chest were combined to form an early breastplate, replacing the coat of plates. [3] After 1370, the breastplate covered the entire torso. [ 3 ] Different forms of the coat of plates, known as the brigandine and jack of plates , remained in use until the late 16th century.
A haubergeon reaches the knee. The haubergeon was replaced by the hauberk due to the use of plate; with the legs now encased in steel, the longer mail became redundant. Cuirass: 14th to 17th: Covers the chest, not the back, but the name is sometimes used to describe the chest and back plates together.
Plate armour in the form of the Lorica segmentata was used by the Roman empire between the 1st century BC and 4th century AD. Single plates of metal armour were again used from the late 13th century on, to protect joints and shins, and these were worn over a mail hauberk.