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Cerebral softening, also known as encephalomalacia, is a localized softening of the substance of the brain, due to bleeding or inflammation. Three varieties, distinguished by their color and representing different stages of the disease progress, are known respectively as red, yellow, and white softening.
Porencephaly was termed by Heschl in 1859 to describe a cavity in the human brain. [3] Derived from Greek roots, the word porencephaly means 'holes in the brain'. [ 4 ] The cysts and cavities (cystic brain lesions) are more likely to be the result of destructive (encephaloclastic) cause, but can also be from abnormal development (malformative ...
Micrograph showing gliosis in the cerebellum. Reactive astrocytes on the left display severe proliferation and domain overlap. Reactive astrogliosis is the most common form of gliosis and involves the proliferation of astrocytes, a type of glial cell responsible for maintaining extracellular ion and neurotransmitter concentrations, modulating synapse function, and forming the blood–brain ...
Malacia is abnormal softening of a biological tissue, most often cartilage.The word is derived from Greek μαλακός, malakos = soft. Usually the combining form-malacia suffixed to another combining form that denotes the affected tissue assigns a more specific name to each such disorder, as follows:
“The concentrations we saw in the brain tissue of normal individuals, who had an average age of around 45 or 50 years old, were 4,800 micrograms per gram, or 0.48% by weight,” Campen said.
These cytokines are toxic to the developing brain, and their activity in an effort to respond to specific areas of damaged tissue is believed to cause "bystander damage" to nearby areas that were not affected by the original insult. [12] Further damage is believed to be caused by free radicals, compounds produced during ischemic episodes. The ...
A glial scar formation is a reactive cellular process involving astrogliosis that occurs after injury to the central nervous system.As with scarring in other organs and tissues, the glial scar is the body's mechanism to protect and begin the healing process in the nervous system.
Concerns have grown since the National Institutes of Health published a study in May finding that, on average, 91 brain samples contained roughly 10 to 20 times more than other organs (e.g., the ...