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This optimizes fuel efficiency, mostly due to the low temperatures encountered near the tropopause and low air density, reducing parasitic drag on the airframe. Stated another way, it allows the airliner to fly faster while maintaining lift equal to the weight of the plane.
All practical airbreathing jet engines heat the air by burning fuel. [1] Alternatively a heat exchanger may be used, as in a nuclear-powered jet engine. [6] Most modern jet engines are turbofans, which are more fuel efficient than turbojets because the thrust supplied by the gas turbine is augmented by bypass air passing through a ducted fan. [4]
Fuel consumption is a more accurate measure of a vehicle's performance because it is a linear relationship while fuel economy leads to distortions in efficiency improvements. [2] Weight-specific efficiency (efficiency per unit weight) may be stated for freight , and passenger-specific efficiency (vehicle efficiency per passenger) for passenger ...
The loss of efficiency is proportional to the concentration of the smoke at the exit. [23] Thrust is generated inside a jet engine by internal components as they energize a gas stream. [24] Fuel energy released in the combustor is accounted for in two main categories: acceleration of the mass flow through the engine and residual heat. [25]
Combustion efficiency refers to the effectiveness of the burning process in converting fuel into heat energy. It is measured by the proportion of fuel that is efficiently burned and converted into useful heat, while minimizing the emissions of pollutants. [1] [2] Specifically, it may refer to: fuel efficiency; engine efficiency
Fuel efficiency Fuel efficiency, in its basic sense, is the same as thermal efficiency, meaning the efficiency of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier fuel into kinetic energy or work. Fuel efficiency in transportation Fuel efficiency in transportation Fuel processor
Black carbon in the atmosphere is like dressing Earth in a black shirt on a sunny day.
Jet airliners have become 70% more fuel efficient between 1967 and 2007. [30] Jetliner fuel efficiency improves continuously, 40% of the improvement come from engines and 30% from airframes. [31] Efficiency gains were larger early in the jet age than later, with a 55–67% gain from 1960 to 1980 and a 20–26% gain from 1980 to 2000. [32]