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Temperature differences can cause air currents because warmer air is less dense than cooler air, causing the warmer air to appear "lighter." Thus, if the warm air is under the cool air, air currents will form as they exchange places. Air currents are caused because of the uneven heating of Earth's surface. [5] [6]
The rising air creates a low pressure zone near the equator. As the air moves poleward, it cools, becomes denser, and descends at about the 30th parallel, creating a high-pressure area. The descended air then travels toward the equator along the surface, replacing the air that rose from the equatorial zone, closing the loop of the Hadley cell. [3]
A valley exit jet is a strong, down-valley, elevated air current that emerges above the intersection of the valley and its adjacent plain. These winds frequently reach speeds of up to 20 m/s (72 km/h; 45 mph) at heights of 40–200 m (130–660 ft) above the ground.
Nonetheless, since the conductivity of air is limited, the associated currents are also limited. A typical value is 1800 A over the entire planet. When it is not rainy or stormy, the amount of electricity within the atmosphere [clarification needed] is typically between 1000 and 1800 amps. In fair weather, there are about 3.5 microamps per ...
As the temperature of the surface of the land rises, the land heats the air above it by conduction. The warm air is less dense than the surrounding environment and so it rises. [47] The cooler air above the sea, now with higher sea level pressure, flows inland into the lower pressure, creating a cooler breeze near the coast. A background along ...
A virus of H5N1 from an infected Texas dairy worker showed a low but increased ability to transmit by air compared with older strains. In this photo illustration, eggs sit in a container last ...
After days of traversing the United States, images showed the suspected Chinese high-altitude balloon over the Carolinas Saturday morning, first over Asheville, North Carolina, and then near ...
Francis Ronalds began observing the potential gradient and air-earth currents around 1810, including making continuous automated recordings. [7] He resumed his research in the 1840s as the inaugural Honorary Director of the Kew Observatory , where the first extended and comprehensive dataset of electrical and associated meteorological ...