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2. Host–pathogen interaction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host–pathogen_interaction

   The host-pathogen interaction is defined as how microbes or viruses sustain themselves within host organisms on a molecular, cellular, organismal or population level. This term is most commonly used to refer to disease-causing microorganisms although they may not cause illness in all hosts. [ 1 ]

3. Human pathogen - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_pathogen

   A human pathogen is a pathogen (microbe or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus) that causes disease in humans. The human physiological defense against common pathogens (such as Pneumocystis ) is mainly the responsibility of the immune system with help by some of the body's normal microbiota .

4. Transmission-based precautions - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission-Based_Precautions

   Transmission-based precautions are infection-control precautions in health care, in addition to the so-called "standard precautions". They are the latest routine infection prevention and control practices applied for patients who are known or suspected to be infected or colonized with infectious agents, including certain epidemiologically important pathogens, which require additional control ...

5. Cross-species transmission - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-species_transmission

   Cross-species transmission is the most significant cause of disease emergence in humans and other species. [citation needed] Wildlife zoonotic diseases of microbial origin are also the most common group of human emerging diseases, and CST between wildlife and livestock has appreciable economic impacts in agriculture by reducing livestock productivity and imposing export restrictions. [2]

6. Host tropism - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_tropism

   Ecotropic pathogens, on the other hand, are only capable of infecting a narrow range of hosts and host tissue. Knowledge of a pathogen's host specificity allows professionals in the research and medical industries to model pathogenesis and develop vaccines, medication, and preventive measures to fight against infection.

7. Host-directed therapeutics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host-directed_therapeutics

   [1] [2] [3] Several antiviral agents are host-directed therapeutics, and simply slow the virus progression rather than kill the virus. Host-directed therapeutics may limit pathogen proliferation, e.g., have bacteriostatic effects. Certain agents also have the ability to reduce bacterial load by enhancing host cell responses even in the absence ...

8. Rust (fungus) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust_(fungus)

   The following are examples of disease management plans used to control macrocyclic and demicyclic diseases: Macrocyclic disease: Developing a management plan for this type of disease depends largely on whether the urediniospores (rarely termed the "repeating stage") occur on the economically important host plant or the alternate host.

9. Host switch - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_switch

   In parasitology and epidemiology, a host switch (or host shift) is an evolutionary change of the host specificity of a parasite or pathogen.. For example, the human immunodeficiency virus used to infect and circulate in non-human primates in West-central Africa, but switched to humans in the early 20th century.