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While pipe sizes in Australia are inch-based, they are classified by outside rather than inside diameter (e.g., a nominal 3 ⁄ 4 inch copper pipe in Australia has measured diameters of 0.750 inches outside and 0.638 inches inside, whereas a nominal 3 ⁄ 4 inch copper pipe in the U.S. and Canada has measured diameters of 0.875 inch outside and ...
Figure (3) showing Conventional tube bundle performance. The general indications are that the conventional tube bundle will cause the orifice installation to over register flow values up to 1.5% when the tube bundle is 1 pipe diameter to approximately 11 pipe diameters from the orifice plate.
The tool used to flare tubing consists of a die that grips the tube, and either a mandrel or rolling cone is forced into the end of the tube to form the flare by cold working. The most common flare fitting standards in use today are the 45° SAE flare [ 2 ] [ 3 ] ,the 37° JIC flare, and the 37° AN flare.
Piping or tubing is usually inserted into fittings to make connections. Connectors are assigned a gender, abbreviated M or F. An example of this is a "3 ⁄ 4-inch female adapter NPT", which would have a corresponding male connection of the same size and thread standard (in this case also NPT).
The difference between pipes and tubes is a matter of sizing. For instance, PVC pipe for plumbing applications and galvanized steel pipe are measured in iron pipe size (IPS). Copper tube, CPVC, PeX and other tubing is measured nominally, basically an average diameter. These sizing schemes allow for universal adaptation of transitional fittings.
Tube weight was reduced by 31% when copper tube diameters were downsized from 3/8 inch to 7 mm. Tube weight was reduced by 46% when copper tube diameters were downsized from 3/8 inch to 5 mm. The weights of the fin materials in the coils was 3.55 kg for the 9.52 mm coils, 2.61 kg for the 7 mm coils, and 1.55 kg for the 5 mm coils.