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TRPM8 is an ion channel: upon activation, it allows the entry of Na + and Ca 2+ ions into the cell, which leads to depolarization and the generation of an action potential. . The signal is conducted from primary afferents (type C- and A-delta) eventually leading to the sensation of cold and cold p
Patch clamp of a nerve cell within a slice of brain tissue. The pipette in the photograph has been marked with a slight blue color. Many patch clamp amplifiers do not use true voltage clamp circuitry, but instead are differential amplifiers that use the bath electrode to set the zero current (ground) level.
Measuring changes in threshold can indicate changes in membrane potential, axonal properties, and/or the integrity of the myelin sheath. Threshold tracking allows for the strength of a test stimulus to be adjusted by a computer in order to activate a defined fraction of the maximal nerve or muscle potential.
Agonist vs. antagonist. In pharmacology the term agonist-antagonist or mixed agonist/antagonist is used to refer to a drug which under some conditions behaves as an agonist (a substance that fully activates the receptor that it binds to) while under other conditions, behaves as an antagonist (a substance that binds to a receptor but does not activate and can block the activity of other agonists).
A co-agonist works with other co-agonists to produce the desired effect together. NMDA receptor activation requires the binding of both glutamate, glycine and D-serine co-agonists. Calcium can also act as a co-agonist at the IP3 receptor. A selective agonist is selective for a specific type of receptor. E.g.
A membrane transport protein is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane. Transport proteins are integral transmembrane proteins ; that is they exist permanently within and span the membrane across which they transport substances.
The NMDA receptor is ionotropic, meaning it is a protein which allows the passage of ions through the cell membrane. [7] The NMDA receptor is so named because the agonist molecule N -methyl- D -aspartate (NMDA) binds selectively to it, and not to other glutamate receptors .
Membrane attack complex (Terminal complement complex C5b-9) A membrane attack complex attached to a pathogenic cell The membrane attack complex (MAC) or terminal complement complex (TCC) is a complex of proteins typically formed on the surface of pathogen cell membranes as a result of the activation of the host's complement system, and as such is an effector of the immune system.