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Reaction with daylight ultraviolet (UV) rays and these precursors create ground-level ozone pollution. Ozone is known to have the following health effects at concentrations common in urban air: Irritation of the respiratory system, causing coughing, throat irritation, and/or an uncomfortable sensation in the chest.
For the last few decades, scientists studied the effects of acute and chronic ozone exposure on human health. Hundreds of studies suggest that ozone is harmful to people at levels currently found in urban areas. [78] [79] Ozone has been shown to affect the respiratory, cardiovascular and central nervous system. Early death and problems in ...
Ozone depletion would magnify all of the effects of UV on human health, both positive (including production of vitamin D) and negative (including sunburn, skin cancer, and cataracts). In addition, increased surface UV leads to increased tropospheric ozone, which is a health risk to humans. [61]
Ozone's effect on signalling in animals may therefor become more significant than its direct affect as an antibiotic at higher concentrations. [8] Developments of techniques capable of more accurately monitoring ozone levels inside cells will enable investigation of endogenous ozone in cells, perhaps clarifying how cells use endogenous ozone. [9]
Schematic drawing, causes and effects of air pollution: (1) greenhouse effect, (2) particulate contamination, (3) increased UV radiation, (4) acid rain, (5) increased ground-level ozone concentration, (6) increased levels of nitrogen oxides. An air pollutant is a material in the air that can have many effects on humans and the ecosystem. [61]
The World Health Organization guidelines were most recently updated in 2021. [1] The guidelines offer guidance about these air pollutants: particulate matter (PM), ozone (O 3), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), sulfur dioxide (SO 2) and carbon monoxide (CO). [2] The WHO first released the air quality guidelines in 1987, then updated them in 1997. [2]
Ozone depletion is not a primary cause of climate change, however there exists a physical science connection between the two phenomena. The Earth's atmospheric ozone has two major effects on the Earth's temperature balance. Firstly, it absorbs solar ultraviolet radiation, leading to the heating of the stratosphere.
This work was an extension of studies undertaken in the 1990s on the effects of Mexico City air pollution on the olfactory epithelium of humans and dogs. Later, interest in possible effects on the brain has been strengthened by epidemiological studies, which suggest that exposure to air pollutants is associated with a decline of cognitive ...