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The short vowels are / æ ɛ ɪ ɒ ʌ / while the equivalent long vowels are / eɪ iː aɪ oʊ j uː /. However, because of the complications of the Great Vowel Shift, the long vowel is not always simply a lengthened version of the corresponding short one; and in most cases (for example with ride) is in fact a diphthong (/ r aɪ d /).
If long vowels are distinguished from short vowels, the long version /æː/ is marked with a macron (ǣ) or, less commonly, an acute (ǽ). In the United States, the issue of the ligature is sidestepped in many cases by use of a simplified spelling with "e", as happened with œ as well; thus, archeology is more commonly used than archaeology in ...
if the vowel is long or a diphthong in Latin, or in the Latin transliteration of Greek: ā, cā, scā, scrā (a long vowel) or æ, cæ, scæ, scræ (a diphthong). Latin diphthongs may be written æ or ae , œ or oe . Long vowels are written with a macron: ā ē ī ō ū ȳ, though this is a modern convention. Greek long vowels are ει, η ...
E, or e, is the fifth letter and the second vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is e (pronounced / ˈ iː / ); plural es , Es , or E's .
Every short vowel, long vowel, or diphthong belongs to a single syllable. This vowel forms the syllable nucleus. Thus magistrārum has four syllables, one for every vowel (a i ā u: V V VV V), aereus has three (ae e u: VV V V), tuō has two (u ō: V VV), and cui has one (ui: VV). [59]
For example, a is an open front vowel, rather than the perhaps slightly different value (such as open central) that "[a]" may be used to transcribe in a particular language. Thus, two vowels transcribed for easy legibility as [e] and [ɛ] may be clarified as actually being e̝ and e ; [ð] may be more precisely ð̠̞ˠ . [24]
The following languages or transliteration systems use the macron to mark long vowels: Slavicists use the macron to indicate a non-tonic long vowel, or a non-tonic syllabic liquid, such as on a, e, r, or u. Languages with this feature include standard and dialect varieties of Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, and Bulgarian. [2]
Tense vowels usually occur in words with the final silent e , as in mate. Lax vowels occur in words without the silent e , such as mat. In American English, lax vowels [ɪ, ʊ, ɛ, ʌ, æ] do not appear in stressed open syllables. [15] In traditional grammar, long vowels vs. short vowels are more commonly used, compared to tense and lax. The ...