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The Talmud (/ ˈ t ɑː l m ʊ d,-m ə d, ˈ t æ l-/; Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד , romanized: Talmūḏ, lit. 'teaching') is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law and Jewish theology.
The Jerusalem Talmud (Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד יְרוּשַׁלְמִי, romanized: Talmud Yerushalmi, often Yerushalmi for short) or Palestinian Talmud, [1] [2] also known as the Talmud of the Land of Israel, [3] [4] is a collection of rabbinic notes on the second-century Jewish oral tradition known as the Mishnah.
While Talmud Bavli has had a standardized page count for over 100 years based on the Vilna edition, the standard page count of the Yerushalmi found in most modern scholarly literature is based on the first printed edition (Venice 1523) which uses folio (#) and column number (a,b,c,and d; eg. Berachot 2d would be folio page 2, column 4).
Sefaria offers a library of Jewish texts, including Tanakh, Talmud, and Jewish prayers alongside sources in philosophy, mysticism, Jewish law, and newer works. [18] [19] Sefaria's content comes from a variety of sources.
In May 2012, Koren launched the Koren Talmud Bavli, a bilingual edition of the Talmud with translation and commentary by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz and designed by Raphaël Freeman. Based on Rabbi Steinsaltz's original Hebrew commentary on the Talmud, the layout features side-by-side English/Aramaic translation, maps, diagrams, and explanatory notes.
The publishers of the Slavuta Talmud argued that the Vilna Edition infringed on their rabbinical court-ordered 25-year license to be the sole publishers of the text. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Although more than 25 years had passed since the date of the first edition of the Slavuta Shas, only 21 years had passed after its latest edition.
The Soncino Talmud was published from 1935–1952, [10] under the general editorship of Rabbi Isidore Epstein. [11] The translation is distributed both on its own (18 volumes) and in a parallel text edition (35 volumes), in which each English page faces the Aramaic /Hebrew page; it was available also on CD-ROM , as below.
The Babylonian Talmud, compiled by scholars in Babylonia around 500 CE and primarily from the academies of Sura, Pumbedita, and Nehardea, is the more commonly cited version when referring to the "Gemara" or "Talmud" without further qualification. The main compilers of the Babylonian Talmud were Ravina and Rav Ashi.