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Nadir also refers to the downward-facing viewing geometry of an orbiting satellite, [2] such as is employed during remote sensing of the atmosphere, as well as when an astronaut faces the Earth while performing a spacewalk. A nadir image is a satellite image or aerial photo of the Earth taken vertically.
The radar "looks" with the looking angle θ (or so called off-nadir angle). The angle α between x-axis and the line of sight (LOS) is called cone angle, the angle φ between the x-axis and the projection of the line of sight to the (x; y)-plane is called azimuth angle. Cone- and azimuth angle are related by cosα = cosφ ∙ cosε.
In order to achieve this accuracy while viewing the Earth's surface through the atmosphere, AATSR views the surface at two angles, one close to the nadir (immediately below the satellite) and the other along the satellite track at close to 55° from the nadir, thereby providing two views of each point on the Earth's surface, each with a ...
Nadir B7 SWIR_Band7 2.235–2.285 30 Nadir B8 SWIR_Band8 2.295–2.365 30 Nadir B9 SWIR_Band9 2.360–2.430 30 Nadir B10 TIR_Band10 8.125–8.475 90 Nadir Long-wave infrared or thermal IR B11 TIR_Band11 8.475–8.825 90 Nadir B12 TIR_Band12 8.925–9.275 90 Nadir B13 TIR_Band13 10.250–10.950 90 Nadir B14 TIR_Band14 10.950–11.650 90 Nadir
the clockwise horizontal angle measured about the ground nadir point from the ground survey North meridian in the plane of photograph. orthomosaic A high-resolution map created by orthophotos, usually via drones is termed as an orthomosaic. Ortho meaning a nadir image and mosaic meaning a collection of images. Temporal Resolution Time between ...
MODIS mean nadir reflectances over the target are determined and are plotted versus the solar zenith angle. The counts for AVHRR observations at a given solar zenith angle and corresponding MODIS reflectance, corrected for TWP, are then used to determine what AVHRR value would be provided it had the MODIS calibration.
The satellite provides a high resolution hyperspectral imager capable of resolving 230 spectral bands from 420 to 2450 nm with a ground resolution of 30 m x 30 m. The swath width amounts to 30 km at a maximum swath length of up to 5000 km a day. The off-nadir (+/- 30°) pointing feature enables fast target revisit of 4 days. [1]
Because SWOT operates at Ka-band's relatively short wavelengths, 11–7 mm (27–43 GHz) – compared to the Ku-band Jason series, 25–17 mm (12–18 GHz) – and at near-nadir incidence angles (<5°), it is designed to be uniquely appropriate for measuring water surface elevations and inundation extents. [citation needed]