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In the UK, the typical total stopping distances (thinking distance plus braking distance) used in The Highway Code are quoted in Rule 126 as: [24] 20 mph: 40 feet (12 metres) 30 mph: 75 feet (23 metres) 40 mph: 118 feet (36 metres) 50 mph: 175 feet (53 metres) 60 mph: 240 feet (73 metres) 70 mph: 315 feet (96 metres)
d MT = braking distance, m (ft) V = design speed, km/h (mph) a = deceleration rate, m/s 2 (ft/s 2) Actual braking distances are affected by the vehicle type and condition, the incline of the road, the available traction, and numerous other factors. A deceleration rate of 3.4 m/s 2 (11.2 ft/s 2) is used to determine stopping sight distance. [6]
The two-second rule is useful as it can be applied to any speed. Drivers can find it difficult to estimate the correct distance from the car in front, let alone remember the stopping distances that are required for a given speed, or to compute the equation on the fly. The two-second rule provides a simpler way of perceiving the distance.
0 to 100 km/h (0 to 60 mph) seconds seconds seconds acceleration: lower is better 0 to 100 to 0 mph seconds seconds seconds acceleration and braking: lower is better formerly common in British publications Autonomy: miles miles kilometers comfort, safety, economics, range higher is better Autonomous means self-governing. [1]
Research in 1998 showed that the reduction of some 30 mph (48 km/h) United Kingdom speed limits to 20 mph (32 km/h) had achieved only a 1 mph (1.6 km/h) drop in speeds and no discernible reduction in accidents; 20 mph (32 km/h) speed limit zones, which use self-enforcing traffic calming, achieved average speed reductions of 10 mph (16 km/h ...
Headway is the distance or duration between vehicles in a transit system. The minimum headway is the shortest such distance or time achievable by a system without a reduction in the speed of vehicles. The precise definition varies depending on the application, but it is most commonly measured as the distance from the tip (front end) of one ...
For heavy duty commercial vehicles it is recommended 4-6 seconds following distance for speeds under 30 mi/h (48 km/h), and 6-8 seconds following distance for speeds over 30 mi/h (48 km/h). [9] Rear-end collisions are the number one type of traffic collisions .
For example, a speed of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) corresponds to stopping distance of 4 seconds' travel at 60 mph. Drivers that require additional perception-reaction time, such as novices, elderly, or those in complex or adverse environments, can benefit by adding additional seconds. [183] [184]