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Various types of Minié balls. The four on the right are provided with Tamisier ball grooves for aerodynamic stability. James H. Burton's 1855 Minié ball design (.58 caliber, 500 grains) from the Harpers Ferry Armory. The Minié ball, or Minie ball, is a type of hollow-based bullet designed by Claude-Étienne Minié for muzzle-loaded, rifled ...
Paper cartridge, Minié ball undersized to reduce the effects of powder fouling and for the skirt to grip the grooves when firing: Caliber.58 (14.7320 mm) Action: Percussion lock: Rate of fire: User dependent; usually 2 to 3 rounds per minute: Muzzle velocity: 1,000 ft/s (300 m/s) to 1,400 ft/s (430 m/s) Effective firing range
Paper cartridge, Minié ball undersized to reduce the effects of powder fouling and for the skirt to grip the grooves when firing: Caliber.58 (14.7320 mm) Action: Maynard tape primer/percussion lock: Rate of fire: User dependent; usually 2 to 3 rounds per minute: Muzzle velocity: 1,000 ft/s (300 m/s) to 1,400 ft/s (430 m/s) Effective firing range
The first musket produced with a percussion lock and last .69 caliber smoothbore. A large number were rifled prior to the start of the war. Springfield M1855 rifled musket: First standard issue rifled musket and in .58 caliber. Used both the Maynard tape primer system and the Minié ball. Springfield M1861 rifled musket
The Mississippi rifle was originally produced in .54 caliber, using 1:66 rifling and no provision for fixing a bayonet. In 1855, the Mississippi rifle was changed to .58 caliber, so that it could use the .58 caliber Minie Ball that had recently become standard. Many older Mississippi rifles were re-bored to .58 caliber.
Various musket balls including (second from the right) a Williams bullet. The Williams cleaner bullet, also known as "cleaner bullets", refers to three different types of bullets that were used by the Union Army during the American Civil War in the standard .58 caliber rifle muskets.
A smaller caliber Minié ball could be used to provide as much mass on target as the larger .69 caliber round ball. For these reasons, the Model 1842 was the last .69 caliber musket. The Army later standardized on the .58 caliber Minié Ball, as used in the Springfield Model 1855 and Springfield Model 1861.
The Model 1865 fired a rimfire .58-60-500 cartridge (.58 inch 500-grain (32 g) bullet, 60 grains (3.9 g) of black powder), the caliber matching that of the Civil War Minié ball, which was originally used in these rifles. The Model 1865 quickly became obsolete, and most of them were sold in the 1870s to several American arms dealers.