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Entomological warfare is not a new concept; historians and writers have studied EW in connection to multiple historic events. A 14th-century plague epidemic in Asia Minor that eventually became known as the Black Death (carried by fleas) is one such event that has drawn attention from historians as a possible early incident of entomological warfare. [4]
After the failure of the rapid decisive victory plan in the war against China, the Japanese military began using bacteriological weapons. [8] In the summer of 1939, during the Battle of Khalkhin Gol , the Imperial Japanese Army used biological and chemical weapons against Soviet and Mongolian troops. [ 11 ]
Synoeca is a genus of eusocial paper wasps found in the tropical forests of the Americas. Commonly known as warrior wasps or drumming wasps, they are known for their aggressive behavior, a threat display consisting of multiple insects guarding a nest beating their wings [2] in a synchronized fashion, and an extremely painful sting (rating at the highest level of 4 in the Schmidt sting pain index).
The insects then act as a vector, infecting any person or animal they might bite. Another type of EW is a direct insect attack against crops; the insect may not be infected with any pathogen but instead represents a threat to agriculture. The final method uses uninfected insects, such as bees or wasps, to directly attack the enemy. [74]
Two ants fighting over a dead wasp. Wars or conflicts can break out between different groups in some ant species for a variety of reasons. These violent confrontations typically involve entire colonies, sometimes allied with each other, and can end in a stalemate, the complete destruction of one of the belligerents, the migration of one of the groups, or, in some cases, the establishment of ...
Most New World army ants belong to the genera Cheliomyrmex, Neivamyrmex, Nomamyrmex, Labidus, and Eciton. [3] The largest genus is Neivamyrmex , which contains more than 120 species; the most predominant species is Eciton burchellii ; its common name "army ant" is considered to be the archetype of the species.
Monster Bug Wars is a nature documentary program, created and distributed by Beyond Television Productions, [1] and televised on the Science Channel in the United States, and SBS in Australia.
Since World War II, it is associated in Germany with the closing months of that war as well, when Soviet troops advanced into eastern Germany. According to one source, the dumbledore in Thomas Hardy 's 1899 poem An August Midnight [ 27 ] is a cockchafer. [ 28 ]