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More than ten thousand cases of calcium channel blocker toxicity were reported in the United States in 2010. [2] Along with beta blockers and digoxin, calcium channel blockers have one of the highest rates of death in overdose. [2] These medications first became available in the 1970s and 1980s. [2]
Calcium channel blockers (CCB), calcium channel antagonists or calcium antagonists [2] are a group of medications that disrupt the movement of calcium (Ca 2+) through calcium channels. [3] Calcium channel blockers are used as antihypertensive drugs, i.e., as medications to decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension.
As a medication it is used to treat low blood sugar, beta blocker overdose, calcium channel blocker overdose, and those with anaphylaxis who do not improve with epinephrine. [10] It is given by injection into a vein, muscle, or under the skin. [10] A version given in the nose is also available. [11] Common side effects include vomiting. [10]
Antihypertensive agents comprise multiple classes of compounds that are intended to manage hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy aims to maintain a blood pressure goal of <140/90 mmHg in all patients, as well as to prevent the progression or recurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypertensive patients with established CVD. [2]
They are used in the treatment of hypertension. [2] Compared with certain other L-type calcium channel blockers (for example those of the phenylalkylamine class such as verapamil) that have significant action at the heart, the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers lower blood pressure mainly by relaxing the smooth muscle of the blood vessel ...
Other causes include other forms of hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, kidney failure, pancreatitis, calcium channel blocker overdose, rhabdomyolysis, tumor lysis syndrome, and medications such as bisphosphonates or denosumab. [1] Diagnosis should generally be confirmed by determining the corrected calcium or ionized calcium level. [2]
Beta blocker poisoning and calcium channel blocker poisoning Leucovorin: Methotrexate, trimethoprim and pyrimethamine overdose Intralipid: Local Anesthetic toxicity Methylene blue: Treatment of conditions that cause methemoglobinemia: Naloxone hydrochloride: Opioid overdose: N-acetylcysteine: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning Octreotide ...
Studies have shown that the intrathecal injection of the calcium channel inhibitor ziconotide, to block the N-type calcium channels, have produced alleviation of intractable pain. [12] Blockade of the N-type calcium channel is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of alcoholism. Because prolonged alcohol exposure over time has been ...