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Before excavating, the presence or absence of archaeological remains can often be suggested by, non-intrusive remote sensing, such as ground-penetrating radar. [6] Basic information about the development of the site may be drawn from this work, but to understand finer details of a site, excavation via augering can be used.
Bioarchaeology (osteoarchaeology, osteology or palaeo-osteology [1]) in Europe describes the study of biological remains from archaeological sites.In the United States it is the scientific study of human remains from archaeological sites.
Given the organic nature of the human body, special steps must be taken to halt the deterioration process and maintain the integrity of the remains in their existing state. [2] These types of museum artifacts have great merit as tools for education and scientific research, yet also have unique challenges from a cultural and ethical standpoint.
The delivery of public benefits through archaeology can be summarised as follows: through making a contribution to a shared history, [135] artistic and cultural treasures, local values, place-making and social cohesion, educational benefits, contribution to science and innovation, health and wellbeing, and added economic value to developers.
The articulation of a remains helps researchers determine how the individual was buried. A primary burial is the first and only interment of the body. This is the only time that remains should be found correctly articulated. A secondary burial is when an individual decomposes somewhere else and then is interred in their final resting spot.
These remains are important to the record because they can show cultural practices, such as what food they were eating, based on the remains left behind. [11] Zooarcheologists can find out information like the species the animal is, the age the animal was when it died, and what its sex was.
Practices making use of natural processes for excarnation include Tibetan sky burials. [13] Archaeologists believe that in this practice, people typically left the body exposed on a woven litter or altar. Following excarnation, the litter with its remains would be removed from the site.
It uses high temperature water mixed with potassium hydroxide to dissolve human remains. [26] During this process, the body is put into an enclosed, stainless steel chamber. The chamber fills with the chemical and water solution and is then lightly circulated. After a couple of hours, the body is worn down and bone is the only thing that remains.