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An assay (analysis) is never an isolated process, as it must be accompanied with pre- and post-analytic procedures. Both the communication order (the request to perform an assay plus related information) and the handling of the specimen itself (the collecting, documenting, transporting, and processing done before beginning the assay) are pre-analytic steps.
A NASA illustration of a lateral flow assay. A lateral flow test (LFT), [1] is an assay also known as a lateral flow immunochromatographic test (ICT), or rapid test.It is a simple device intended to detect the presence of a target substance in a liquid sample without the need for specialized and costly equipment.
An immunoassay (IA) is a biochemical test that measures the presence or concentration of a macromolecule or a small molecule in a solution through the use of an antibody (usually) or an antigen (sometimes).
Direct assay In a direct assay, the stimulus applied to the subject is specific and directly measurable, and the response to that stimulus is recorded. The variable of interest is the specific stimulus required to produce a response of interest (ex. death of the subject). [6] [12] Indirect assay
There are different definitions within laboratory quality control, wherein "analytical sensitivity" is defined as the smallest amount of substance in a sample that can accurately be measured by an assay (synonymously to detection limit), and "analytical specificity" is defined as the ability of an assay to measure one particular organism or ...
Molecular diagnostics uses in vitro biological assays such as PCR-ELISA or Fluorescence in situ hybridization. [19] [20] The assay detects a molecule, often in low concentrations, that is a marker of disease or risk in a sample taken from a patient. Preservation of the sample before analysis is critical.
Assay sensitivity is a property of a clinical trial defined as the ability of a trial to distinguish an effective treatment from a less effective or ineffective intervention. [1] Without assay sensitivity , a trial is not internally valid and is not capable of comparing the efficacy of two interventions.
Direct versus coupled assays. Coupled assay for hexokinase using glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Even when the enzyme reaction does not result in a change in the absorbance of light, it can still be possible to use a spectrophotometric assay for the enzyme by using a coupled assay. Here, the product of one reaction is used as the substrate ...