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Later, under French colonial rule, the Caribbean island was known as Saint-Domingue (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.dɔ.mɛ̃ɡ]) and was a French colony from 1659 to 1804. [ 7 ] Early on, enslaved people on the island began resisting captivity and fighting to restore their freedom.
In 1802, he was appointed to lead an expeditionary force against Saint-Domingue after General Charles Leclerc's death. His remit was to restore French control of their rebellious colony, by any means. Historians of the Haitian Revolution credit his brutal tactics for uniting black and gens de couleur soldiers against the French.
Saint-Domingue Creoles (French: Créoles de Saint-Domingue, Haitian Creole: Moun Kreyòl Sen Domeng) or simply Creoles, were the people who lived in the French colony of Saint-Domingue prior to the Haitian Revolution. These Creoles formed an ethnic group native to Saint-Domingue and were all born in Saint-Domingue. [1]
Saint-Domingue became known as the "Pearl of the Antilles" – one of the richest colonies in the world in the 18th-century French empire. It was the greatest jewel in imperial France's mercantile crown. By the 1780s, Saint-Domingue produced about 40 percent of all the sugar and 60 percent of all the coffee consumed in Europe.
Most slaves trafficked to Saint-Domingue were from west and central West Africa. He later took the surname Dessalines, after a free man of color who had purchased him. Working in the sugarcane fields as a laborer, Dessalines rose to the rank of commandeur , or foreman.
Toussaint Louverture, general of the Armée Indigène. The Indigenous Army (French: Armée Indigène; Haitian Creole: Lame Endijèn), also known as the Army of Saint-Domingue (French: Armée de Saint-Domingue) was the name bestowed to the coalition of anti-slavery men and women who fought in the Haitian Revolution in Saint-Domingue (now Haiti).
François Mackandal (c. 1730-c. 1758) was a Haitian Maroon leader in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti). He is sometimes described as a Haitian vodou priest, or houngan. For joining the Maroons to kill slave owners in Saint-Domingue, he was captured and burned alive by French colonial authorities. [1]
Charles Leclerc was born on 17 March 1772 in Pontoise, Île-de-France.In 1791, he volunteered to join the French Royal Army, serving as a second lieutenant in the 12th Regiment of Chasseurs à Cheval before becoming an aide-de-camp to Jean François Cornu de La Poype.