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Silibinin (), also known as silybin (both from Silybum, the generic name of the plant from which it is extracted), is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle, containing a mixture of flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silychristin, silidianin, and others.
The name "milk thistle" derives from a feature of the leaves, which are prominently banded with splashes of white. Historically, these milky bands were said to be Mother Mary's milk, and this is the origin of another common name, St. Mary's thistle. The most widespread species is Silybum marianum. [6]
Silychristin (also known as silichristin) is a natural product and one of the constituents of silymarin, the standardized, active extract of the fruit of milk thistle, Silybum marianum. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is the second most abundant constituent in silymarin, after silybin . [ 3 ]
When the main requirements of the plant are met, then the milk thistle will blossom in the first year. [15] Milk thistle has low soil nutrient requirements and is drought resistant. The optimal pH ranges from 5.5 to 7.6, but a wide range is acceptable. The seeds are directly sown into the soil with a sowing depth of 1 to 1.5 cm.
of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Available online 4 March 2013 Keywords: Sweet protein Taste-modifying activity Miracle fruit Sweet taste receptor a b s t r a c t
Sonchus oleraceus is a species of flowering plant in the tribe Cichorieae of the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and Western Asia. It has many common names including common sowthistle, [2] sow thistle, [3] smooth sow thistle, annual sow thistle,puha, [4] hare's colwort, hare's thistle, milky tassel, milk thistle, [5] and soft thistle.