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Glucocorticoids are corticosteroids that bind to the glucocorticoid receptor [1] that is present in almost every vertebrate animal cell. The name "glucocorticoid" is a portmanteau ( gluco se + cort ex + ster oid ) and is composed from its role in regulation of glucose metabolism , synthesis in the adrenal cortex , and its steroidal structure ...
Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, as well as the synthetic analogues of these hormones.Two main classes of corticosteroids, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including stress response, immune response, and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism ...
Antiglucocorticoid drugs are a class of medications that act to reduce the effects of glucocorticoids, primarily cortisol, in the body. [1] They include direct glucocorticoid receptor antagonists such as mifepristone and synthesis inhibitors such as metyrapone, ketoconazole, and aminoglutethimide. They are used to treat Cushing's syndrome. [2]
Topical glucocorticoid phobia is a concern or fear about using topical glucocorticoids, which is commonly found among patients with atopic dermatitis and their caregivers. [29] This phenomenon has been identified in more than 15 countries globally, including Canada , France , Japan , the United Kingdom , and the United States . [ 30 ]
Corticosterone, also known as 17-deoxycortisol and 11β,21-dihydroxyprogesterone, [1] is a 21-carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In the very rare case of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17α-hydroxylase deficiency cortisol production is blocked.
Prednisolone is a corticosteroid drug with predominant glucocorticoid and low mineralocorticoid activity, making it useful for the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions [17] such as asthma, [18] uveitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, rheumatoid arthritis, urticaria, [19] angioedema, [19] ulcerative colitis, pericarditis ...
Most esters of these corticosteroids are not included in this list; for esters, see here instead. The most common structural modifications in synthetic corticosteroids include 1(2)-dehydrogenation, 6α-, 9α-, 16α-, and 16β-substitution (with a halogen or methyl group), 16α,17α-acetonidation, and 17α- and 21-esterification.
Micrograph of fatty liver, as may be seen due to long-term prednisone use. Trichrome stain.. Short-term side effects, as with all glucocorticoids, include high blood glucose levels (especially in patients with diabetes mellitus or on other medications that increase blood glucose, such as tacrolimus) and mineralocorticoid effects such as fluid retention. [24]