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The Virginia Slave Codes of 1705 stated that people who were not Christians, or were black, mixed-race, or Native Americans would be classified as slaves (i.e., treated like personal property or chattel), and it was made illegal for white people to marry people of color. [39]
Slavery itself was not a new concept to indigenous American peoples as in inter-Native American conflict tribes often kept prisoners of war, but these captures often replaced slain tribe members. [ 4 ] [ 77 ] Native Americans did not originally distinguish between groups of people based on color, but rather traditions. [ 78 ]
The Native American tribes in Virginia are the Indigenous peoples whose tribal nations historically or currently are based in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States of America. Native peoples lived throughout Virginia for at least 12,000 years. [ 1 ]
Non-indigenous slaves and Native Americans have interacted for centuries. The earliest record of Native American and African contact occurred in April 1502, when Spanish colonists transported the first Africans to Hispaniola to be held and work in slavery; [15] records of Indian enslavement of Europeans begin in 1528. [16]
The Westo were an Iroquoian Native American tribe encountered in what became the Southeastern U.S. by Europeans in the 17th century. They probably spoke an Iroquoian language. . The Spanish called these people Chichimeco (not to be confused with Chichimeca in Mexico), and Virginia colonists may have called the same people Richahecri
Tribes raided their enemies to sell captives as slaves to the colonists in Virginia and further north. But, the colonial legislature took 15 years until it abolished Indian slavery in 1691. As the Appomattoc population began to dwindle, the people were vulnerable to attack from traditional western enemy tribes.
A century ago, Virginia's Racial Integrity Act became a model for segregation. The impact on Native people is still being felt. How Virginia Used Segregation Law to Erase Native Americans
The Commonwealth of Virginia officially recognized the tribe in January 1983. In 1998, they elected Chief G. Anne Richardson, the first woman chief to lead a Native American tribe in Virginia since the 18th century. The tribe did not have a reservation, and during the centuries had intermarried with other ethnicities in the region.