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NFC is a set of short-range wireless technologies, typically requiring a separation of 10 cm (3 + 7 ⁄ 8 in) or less. NFC operates at 13.56 MHz on ISO/IEC 18000-3 air interface and at rates ranging from 106 kbit/s to 424 kbit/s. NFC always involves an initiator and a target; the initiator actively generates an RF field that can power a passive ...
A wireless network interface controller may be implemented as an expansion card and connected using PCI bus or PCIe bus, or connected via USB, PC Card, ExpressCard, Mini PCIe or M.2. The low cost and ubiquity of the Wi-Fi standard means that many newer mobile computers have a wireless network interface built into the motherboard.
For wider area communications, wireless local area network (WLAN) is used. WLANs are often known by their commercial product name Wi-Fi. These systems are used to provide wireless access to other systems on the local network such as other computers, shared printers, and other such devices or even the internet.
In 2006, ECMA standardized the NFC wired interface with specification ECMA-373 (ECMA, 2006). [3] It has three modes of operation: off, wired and virtual mode. In off mode, there is no communication with the SE. In wired mode, the SE is visible to the internal NFC controller. [4] In virtual mode, the SE is visible to external RF readers.
A wireless personal area network (WPAN) is a personal area network in which the connections are wireless. IEEE 802.15 has produced standards for several types of PANs operating in the ISM band including Bluetooth. The Infrared Data Association (IrDA) has produced standards for WPANs that operate using infrared communications.
A wireless configuration utility, [1] wireless configuration tool, [1] wireless LAN client, [citation needed] or wireless connection management utility [citation needed] is a class of network management software that manages the activities and features of a wireless network connection.