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Checksums are used as cryptographic primitives in larger authentication algorithms. For cryptographic systems with these two specific design goals [ clarification needed ] , see HMAC . Check digits and parity bits are special cases of checksums, appropriate for small blocks of data (such as Social Security numbers , bank account numbers ...
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of cryptographic hash functions. See the individual functions' articles for further information. This article is not all-inclusive or necessarily up-to-date. An overview of hash function security/cryptanalysis can be found at hash function security summary.
File verification is the process of using an algorithm for verifying the integrity of a computer file, usually by checksum.This can be done by comparing two files bit-by-bit, but requires two copies of the same file, and may miss systematic corruptions which might occur to both files.
2 Checksums. 3 Universal hash function families. 4 Non-cryptographic hash functions. ... SHA-256: 256 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: SHA-384: 384 bits
SHA-2: A family of two similar hash functions, with different block sizes, known as SHA-256 and SHA-512. They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses 32-bit words where SHA-512 uses 64-bit words. There are also truncated versions of each standard, known as SHA-224, SHA-384, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These were also designed by the NSA.
Algorithm and variant Output size (bits) Internal state size (bits) Block size (bits) Rounds Operations Security against collision attacks (bits) Security against length extension attacks
SHA-2 basically consists of two hash algorithms: SHA-256 and SHA-512. SHA-224 is a variant of SHA-256 with different starting values and truncated output. SHA-384 and the lesser-known SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 are all variants of SHA-512. SHA-512 is more secure than SHA-256 and is commonly faster than SHA-256 on 64-bit machines such as AMD64.
Among other features, it can calculate various checksums, compare files, or shred files. [1] HxD is distributed as freeware and is available in multiple languages of which the English version is the first in the category of coding utilities on Download.com. [2] The c't magazine has featured HxD in several issues and online-specials. [3] [4]