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The mangrove sunbird (Anthreptes gabonicus) or mouse-brown sunbird, is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. Its range covers areas near the Gulf of Guinea (on either side of the Dahomey Gap), from Senegal to northwestern Angola. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical mangrove forests.
A drab olive or olive-grey bird, the mangrove vireo has yellow lores and two white wing bars. Sexes are similar. It is approximately 10 cm (3.9 in) long. [2] There are two disjunct populations of this vireo: Caribbean and Pacific.
Mangrove plantations in Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines, and India host several commercially important species of fish and crustaceans. [57] The mangrove food chain extends beyond the marine ecosystem. Coastal bird species inhabit the tidal ecosystems feeding off small marine organisms and wetland insects.
Cần Giờ Mangrove Forest and Biosphere Reserve is developed as a special eco-tourism site. Various resources are exploited such as mangroves forest, marine resources, natural rivers, traditional craft villages Thieng Lieng Hamlet salt village, Tam Thon Hiep Commune with bird farming, Long Hoa Commune with fishing. [ 4 ]
Mangrove plants require a number of physiological adaptations to overcome the problems of low environmental oxygen levels, high salinity, and frequent tidal flooding.Each species has its own solutions to these problems; this may be the primary reason why, on some shorelines, mangrove tree species show distinct zonation.
Mangroves everywhere are vulnerable to clearance for logging and for agricultural development, and in this region have been particularly affected by the Vietnam War damage, particularly America's chemical weapon of defoliants, the Rainbow Herbicides, most notably Agent Orange which destroyed and devastated entire mangrove forests.
This is a list of the bird species recorded in Vietnam.The avifauna of Vietnam include a total of 963 species, of which 18 are endemic, and 5 have been introduced.. This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition.
The rich diversity of Vietnam's wildlife includes 11,400 species of vascular plants, 1030 species of moss, 310 species of mammals, 296 reptile species, 162 amphibian species, 700 freshwater species of fish and 2000 species of marine fish. [3] There are about 889 species of birds [4] and over 850 species of land mollusks. [5]