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Most patients with drug-induced QT prolongation are asymptomatic and are diagnosed solely by EKG in association with a history of using medications known to cause QT prolongation. [7] A minority of patients are symptomatic and typically present with one or more signs of arrhythmia, such as lightheadedness, syncope, or palpitations. [7]
Although long QT syndrome is often a genetic condition, a prolonged QT interval associated with an increased risk of abnormal heart rhythms can also occur in people without a genetic abnormality, commonly due to a side effect of medications. Drug-induced QT prolongation is often a result of treatment by antiarrhythmic drugs such as amiodarone ...
There’re at least 10 specific gene mutations that are known to be linked to Long QT syndrome, which are referred to as, for example, LQT1, LQT2, and so on, all of which have some effect on one or more ion channels. Aside from congenital causes though, sometimes the QT interval can be prolonged by certain medications which affect ion channels.
The mechanism of action of certain antiarrhythmic drugs, like amiodarone or sotalol, involve intentional pharmacological QT prolongation. In addition, high blood alcohol concentrations prolong the QT interval. [30] A possible interaction between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and thiazide diuretics is associated with QT prolongation. [31]
Forty-nine drugs known to cause TdP and another 170 that are known to prolong QT remain on the market because the drugs provide medical benefit and the risk of TdP can be managed and mitigated by instructions in the drug label. [10] [11] Examples of compounds linked to clinical observations of TdP include amiodarone, most fluoroquinolones ...
The QT prolongation effect of ranolazine on the surface electrocardiogram is the result of inhibition of I Kr, which prolongs the ventricular action potential. [10] Ranolazine also exhibits its effects on the delayed rectifier current (hERG/ I Kr potassium channels), it readily stimulates myogenesis, it reduces a pro-oxidant inflammation ...
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According to a 2013 meta-analysis of the comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs it was the most prone of the 15 for causing extrapyramidal side effects. [29] With more than 6 months of use 14 percent of users gain weight. [44] Haloperidol may be neurotoxic. [45] Prolonged use of the drug can lead to mental dependence. [46]