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The cardio-selective beta-1 blockers could cause adverse effects including bradycardia, reduced exercise ability, hypotension, atrioventricular nodal blockage and heart failure. [5] Other possible adverse effects include nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort, dizziness, weakness, headache, fatigue, and dryness in mouth and eye. [5]
Alpha-1 blockers can be used, but it can result in side effects such as increased urination and retrograde ejaculation. Phenoxybenzamine , a non-competitive α 1 and α 2 blocker was used by Dr. Giles Brindley in the first intracavernosal pharmacotherapy for erectile dysfunction.
Selective beta 1 blockers have been shown to have an array of cardiac common side effects, comprising bradycardia, reduced exercise tolerance, hypotension, atrioventricular block, and heart failure. [4] Regarding non-cardiac side effects, they can cause nausea, headache, fatigue, dry mouth, and dry eyes. [4]
This is also the case for Tamsulosin and it may be assumed that the others alpha-1 blockers work in a similar manner, since Tamsulosin is an alpha-1-a blocker and Prazosin is an alpha-1 blocker. [30] The risk for floppy iris syndrome during cataract surgery is elevated when the patient is using an alpha-1 blocker.
Side effects of these drugs may include but are not limited to: Constipation; Peripheral edema, which can occur in as much as 70% of people receiving calcium channel blocker, is caused by calcium channel blockers' preferential arteriolar or precapillary dilation without commensurate dilation in the venous or postcapillary circulation.
These side effects are serious and some of them are permanent, and many remain a crucial concern for companies and healthcare professionals and substantial efforts are being encouraged to reduce the potential risks for future antipsychotics through more clinical trials and drug development.
Edema may be described as pitting edema or non-pitting edema. [32] Pitting edema is when, after pressure is applied to a small area, the indentation persists after the release of the pressure. Peripheral pitting edema, as shown in the illustration, is the more common type, resulting from water retention.
It is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type. [2] Nifedipine is taken by mouth and comes in fast- and slow-release formulations. [2] Common side effects include lightheadedness, headache, feeling tired, leg swelling, cough, and shortness of breath. [2] Serious side effects may include low blood pressure and heart failure. [2]