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Keratohyalin is a protein structure found in cytoplasmic granules of the keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum of the epidermis.Keratohyalin granules (KHG) mainly consist of keratin, profilaggrin, [1] loricrin [2] and trichohyalin proteins which contribute to cornification or keratinization, the process of the formation of epidermal cornified cell envelope.
Histologic image showing a section of epidermis. Stratum granulosum labeled near center. The stratum granulosum (or granular layer) is a thin layer of cells in the epidermis lying above the stratum spinosum and below the stratum corneum (stratum lucidum on the soles and palms). [1]
Eleidin is clear intracellular protein which is present in the stratum lucidum of the skin.. Eleidin is a transformation product of the amino acid complex keratohyalin, the lifeless matter deposited in the form of minute granules within the protoplasm of living cells.
Histologic image showing a section of epidermis. Stratum spinosum labeled slightly below center. The stratum spinosum (or spinous layer/prickle cell layer) [1] is a layer of the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale. [2]
Red arrows indicate secreted lamellar bodies, and green arrows indicate lamellar bodies in the cytoplasm. Scale bar = 200 nm. In cell biology, lamellar bodies (otherwise known as lamellar granules, membrane-coating granules (MCGs), keratinosomes or Odland bodies) are secretory organelles found in type II alveolar cells in the lungs, and in keratinocytes in the skin.
They can be spherical or ovoid and their epithelial cells contain keratohyalin and bundles of cytoplasmic fibres. [2] Later studies indicate that Hassall's corpuscles differentiate from medullary thymic epithelial cells after they lose autoimmune regulator (AIRE) expression. [3] This makes them an example of Thymic mimetic cells. [4]
Filaggrin (filament aggregating protein) is a filament-associated protein that binds to keratin fibers in epithelial cells.Ten to twelve filaggrin units are post-translationally hydrolyzed from a large profilaggrin precursor protein during terminal differentiation of epidermal cells. [3]
The characteristic feature of the illness is the presence of basophilic keratohyalin granules in cells in the higher layers of the skin. [10] Most frequently, papillomatosis or an acanthotic pattern of thickening of the epidermis occurs with or without psoriasis. [9] There may also be a low-grade lymphohistiocytic infiltration. [3]