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In the 1920s and 1930s, the Polish population increased. According to some sources, in 1938, the Free City's population of 410,000 was 98% German, 1% Polish and 1% other. [11] [35] [36] Other estimates suggest the proportion of Poles in the population of the Free City was around 20% in 1939 [37] or around 25% in 1936. [10]
The remaining German minority in Poland (152,897 people were registered in the 2002 census) enjoys minority rights according to Polish minority law. There are German speakers throughout Poland, and most of the Germans live in the Opole Voivodship in Silesia. Bilingual signs are posted in some towns of the region.
Below are links to subpages listing German language names of towns and villages in different regions of Poland. Due to the country's history, many of those names have been in actual use locally, and are thus not exonyms.
A Polish-language poster, illustrating the drop in German population in selected cities of western Poland in the period 1910–1931. The German author Christian Raitz von Frentz writes that after First World War ended, the Polish government tried to reverse the systematic Germanization from former decades. [69]
In 1921, 24% of the population lived in towns and cities, by 1931 the ratio grew to 27%. Altogether, in 1921, there were 611 towns and cities in the country, by 1931 there were 636 municipalities. The six biggest cities of Poland (as of 1 January 1939) were Warsaw, Łódź, Lwów, Poznań, Kraków and Vilnius (Wilno).
Map of Poland. This is a list of cities and towns in Poland, consisting of four sections: the full list of all 107 cities in Poland by size, followed by a description of the principal metropolitan areas of the country, the table of the most populated cities and towns in Poland, and finally, the full alphabetical list of all 107 Polish cities and 861 towns combined.
According to the official census of 1923 3.7 percent of city population was Polish (13,656 out of 366,730 citizens of the Free City) and in the 1920s and 1930s the city's population was over 90% German. [70] [71] However Polish claims range up to around 22.000, or around 6% of the population, and increased to around 13% in the 1930s. [72]
People from all over Poland quickly moved in to replace the former German population in a process parallel to the expulsions, with the first settlers arriving in March 1945. [81] These settlers took over farms and villages close to the pre-war frontier while the Red Army was still advancing. [81]