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Monoclonal gammopathy, also known as paraproteinemia, is the presence of excessive amounts of myeloma protein or monoclonal gamma globulin in the blood. It is usually due to an underlying immunoproliferative disorder or hematologic neoplasms, especially multiple myeloma. It is sometimes considered equivalent to plasma cell dyscrasia.
In hematology, plasma cell dyscrasias (also termed plasma cell disorders and plasma cell proliferative diseases) are a spectrum of progressively more severe monoclonal gammopathies in which a clone or multiple clones of pre-malignant or malignant plasma cells (sometimes in association with lymphoplasmacytoid cells or B lymphocytes) over-produce and secrete into the blood stream a myeloma ...
People with monoclonal gammopathy generally do not experience signs or symptoms. [1] Some people may experience a rash or nerve problems, such as numbness or tingling. [1] MGUS is usually detected by chance when the patient has a blood test for another condition or as part of standard screening. [1]
Treatment is directed at the underlying monoclonal gammopathy, [11] and is intended to reduce the production of the monoclonal proteins [12] and may include bortezomib-based treatment, an autologous stem cell transplant, and if the patient is considered eligible, an organ transplant. [2]
Treatment is therefore based on the patient's symptoms. [1] If there is an underlying monoclonal gammopathy, it is treated according to relevant guidelines. [ 1 ] A 51-year-old with crystal-storing histiocytosis in the left upper lip and cheek had the tumor removed in 2010.
"Plasma cell dyscrasia" is sometimes considered synonymous with paraproteinemia or monoclonal gammopathy. [3] H2 receptor antagonists, such as famotidine and nizatidine, in use for treatment of peptic ulcers, are known for causing blood dyscrasia – leading to bone marrow failure in 1 out of 50,000 patients. [citation needed]
A disease of gamma globulins is called a "gammopathy" (for example, in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance). Brutton's agammaglobulinemia is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by recurrent infections in the early-post natal period attributable to failure of pre-B cells to mature.
Smouldering myeloma is a disease classified as intermediate in a spectrum of step-wise progressive diseases termed plasma cell dyscrasias.In this spectrum of diseases, a clone of plasma cells secreting monoclonal paraprotein (also termed myeloma protein or M protein) causes the relatively benign disease of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.