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Stainless steel, also known as inox, corrosion-resistant steel (CRES), and rustless steel, is an alloy of iron that is resistant to rusting and corrosion. It contains iron with chromium and other elements such as molybdenum , carbon , nickel and nitrogen depending on its specific use and cost.
Forging a structural member out of steel Cor-Ten rust coating. Stainless steel contains a minimum of 11% chromium, often combined with nickel, to resist corrosion. Some stainless steels, such as the ferritic stainless steels are magnetic, while others, such as the austenitic, are nonmagnetic. [81] Corrosion-resistant steels are abbreviated as CRES.
In 200 series stainless steels the structure is obtained by adding manganese and nitrogen, with a small amount of nickel content, making 200 series a cost-effective nickel-chromium austenitic type stainless steel. 300 series stainless steels are the larger subgroup. The most common austenitic stainless steel and most common of all stainless ...
Of all the metallic alloys in use today, the alloys of iron (steel, stainless steel, cast iron, tool steel, alloy steel) make up the largest proportion both by quantity and commercial value. [36] Iron alloyed with various proportions of carbon gives low-, mid-, and high-carbon steels, with increasing carbon levels reducing ductility and toughness.
Steel is an example of an interstitial alloy, because the very small carbon atoms fit into interstices of the iron matrix. Stainless steel is an example of a combination of interstitial and substitutional alloys, because the carbon atoms fit into the interstices, but some of the iron atoms are substituted by nickel and chromium atoms. [8]
Stainless steel is a material which is difficult to solder because of its stable, self-healing surface oxide layer and its low thermal conductivity. A solution of zinc chloride in hydrochloric acid is a common flux for stainless steels; it has however to be thoroughly removed afterwards as it would cause pitting corrosion. Another highly ...
In this two-step process, wipe down the stainless steel surface with a non-abrasive sponge and dish soap with water. The initial step is to remove any grim, fingerprints, and smudges from the surface.
Stainless steel can pose special corrosion challenges, since its passivating behavior relies on the presence of a major alloying component (chromium, at least 11.5%). Because of the elevated temperatures of welding and heat treatment, chromium carbides can form in the grain boundaries of stainless alloys.