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Gonorrhoea or gonorrhea, colloquially known as the clap, [7] is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. [8] Infection may involve the genitals, mouth, or rectum. [9] Gonorrhea is spread through sexual contact with an infected person, [1] or from a mother to a child during birth. [1]
In 1878, Albert Neisser isolated and visualized N. gonorrhoeae diplococci in samples of pus from 35 men and women with the classic symptoms of genitourinary infection with gonorrhea – two of whom also had infections of the eyes. [9] In 1882, Leistikow and Loeffler were able to grow the organism in culture. [15]
It is typically due to neonatal bacterial infection, although it can also be non-infectious (e.g. chemical exposure). [1] Infectious neonatal conjunctivitis is typically contracted during vaginal delivery from exposure to bacteria from the birth canal, most commonly Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis. [2]
The Neisseriaceae are a family [2] of Pseudomonadota, within the Neisseriales order of Betaproteobacteria.While many organisms in the family are mammalian commensals or part of the normal flora, the genus Neisseria includes two important human pathogens, specifically those responsible for gonorrhea (caused by N. gonorrhoeae) and many cases of meningitis ("meningococcal meningitis", caused by N ...
One promising area is molecular tests, which Hamill says look for genetic markers that can signal a gonorrhea infection is resistant to certain antibiotics so doctors can prescribe the best ...
Neisseria is a large genus of bacteria that colonize the mucosal surfaces of many animals. Of the 11 species that colonize humans, only two are pathogens , N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae . Neisseria species are Gram-negative bacteria included among the Pseudomonadota , a large group of Gram-negative forms.
Multiple species of bacteria can be associated with the condition: Meningococcus is another term for the bacterial species Neisseria meningitidis; blood infection with said species usually underlies WFS. While many infectious agents can infect the adrenals, an acute, selective infection is usually meningococcus. [3]
Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are common causes of PID. However, PID can also be caused by other untreated infections, like bacterial vaginosis. [18] Data suggest that PID is often polymicrobial. [15] Isolated anaerobes and facultative microorganisms have been obtained from the upper genital tract.