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A pulse pressure is considered abnormally low if it is less than 25% of the systolic value. [2] If the pulse pressure is extremely low, i.e. 25 mmHg or less, it may indicate low stroke volume, as in congestive heart failure. [3] The most common cause of a low (narrow) pulse pressure is a drop in left ventricular stroke volume.
The signs are low arterial blood pressure, distended neck veins, and distant, muffled heart sounds. [1] Narrowed pulse pressure might also be observed. The concept was developed in 1935 by Claude Beck, a resident and later Professor of Cardiovascular Surgery at Case Western Reserve University. [2] [3]
A forceful apex beat indicates left ventricular pressure overload, while a right ventricular heave suggests right ventricular pressure overload. Other signs provide evidence for specific causes of pressure overload. Hypertension is diagnosed by sphygmomanometry. A narrow pulse pressure is a sign of aortic stenosis.
Heart rate and respiratory rate become elevated (100 BPM to 120 BPM, 20 RR to 24 RR). Pulse pressure begins to narrow, but systolic blood pressure may be unchanged to slightly decreased. [3] Class 3: Volume loss from 30% to 40% of total blood volume, from 1500 mL to 2000 mL. A significant drop in blood pressure and changes in mental status ...
The claim about "a pulse pressure of greater than 100 mmHg is high or widened" is also contradicted by other cited claims in the article that claim pulse pressures of either 50+ or 60+ as being pathologically high. It makes a lot more common sense that 50 or 60 would be a more logical cutoff level for pulse pressure to be too high/wide than 100.
Pulse pressure is considered low if it is less than 25% of the systolic. (For example, if the systolic pressure is 120 mmHg, then the pulse pressure would be considered low if it is less than 30 mmHg, since 30 is 25% of 120.) [91] A very low pulse pressure can be a symptom of disorders such as congestive heart failure. [52]
A plot of a system's pressure versus volume has long been used to measure the work done by the system and its efficiency. This analysis can be applied to heat engines and pumps, including the heart. A considerable amount of information on cardiac performance can be determined from the pressure vs. volume plot (pressure–volume diagram).
Other examination findings may include widened pulse pressures and bounding pulses. A machinery murmur is also known as a Gibson murmur. [20] Systolic murmur loudest below the left scapula Classic for a coarctation of the aorta. Coarctation of the aorta is narrowing of the aorta. This can occur in Turner's Syndrome, (gonadal dysgenesis).