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Atrial flutter was first identified as an independent medical condition in 1920 by the British physician Sir Thomas Lewis (1881–1945) and colleagues. [5] AFL is the second most common pathologic supraventricular tachycardia but occurs at a rate less than one-tenth of the most common supraventricular tachycardia (atrial fibrillation).
Ectopic beat is a disturbance of the cardiac rhythm frequently related to the electrical conduction system of the heart, in which beats arise from fibers or group of fibers outside the region in the heart muscle ordinarily responsible for impulse formation (i.e., the sinoatrial node).
They may be classified into narrow and wide complex based on the QRS complex. [10] Equal or less than 0.1s for narrow complex. [11] Presented in order of most to least common, they are: [10] Narrow complex Sinus tachycardia, which originates from the sino-atrial (SA) node, near the base of the superior vena cava; Atrial fibrillation; Atrial flutter
Atrial fibrillation affects about 25 per 1000 people, [7] paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 2.3 per 1000, [6] Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome 2 per 1000, [8] and atrial flutter 0.8 per 1000. [10]
For TIC due to atrial fibrillation, rate control, rhythm control, and RF catheter ablation can be effective to control the tachyarrhythmia and improve left ventricular systolic function. [ 5 ] [ 9 ] For TIC due to atrial flutter, rate control is often difficult to achieve, and RF catheter ablation has a relatively high success rate with a low ...
Urinalysis is the most useful test to start the work up in a patient of dysuria. Urinalysis positive for nitrite carries a high predictive value of a positive urine culture. Also, urine dipstick showing leukocytes as equal predictive value as the presence of nitrites. When both are present, the predictive value goes even higher.
Cardiac symptoms of heart failure include chest pain/pressure and palpitations.Common noncardiac signs and symptoms of heart failure include loss of appetite, nausea, weight loss, bloating, fatigue, weakness, low urine output, waking up at night to urinate, and cerebral symptoms of varying severity, ranging from anxiety to memory impairment and confusion.
The cardiac etiologies of palpitations are the most life-threatening and include ventricular sources (premature ventricular contractions (PVC), ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation), atrial sources (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter) high output states (anemia, AV fistula, Paget's disease of bone or pregnancy), structural ...