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Composite image of five galaxies clustered together just 600 million years after the Universe's birth [1]. A galaxy cluster, or a cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity, [1] with typical masses ranging from 10 14 to 10 15 solar masses.
MACS J0152.5-2852 is a massive galaxy cluster. Almost every pixel seen in the image is a galaxy, each containing billions of stars. [1]Galaxy groups and clusters are the largest known gravitationally bound objects to have arisen thus far in the process of cosmic structure formation. [2]
In the Milky Way galaxy, globular clusters are distributed roughly spherically in the galactic halo, around the Galactic Center, orbiting the center in highly elliptical orbits. In 1917, the astronomer Harlow Shapley made the first respectable estimate of the Sun's distance from the Galactic Center, based on the distribution of globular clusters.
Supercluster, the largest gravitationally bound objects in the universe, composed of many galaxy clusters; Star cluster. Globular cluster, a spherical collection of stars whose orbit is either partially or completely in the halo of the parent galaxy; Open cluster, a spherical collection of stars that orbits a galaxy in the galactic plane
The second most massive galaxy cluster next to El Gordo is RCS2 J2327, a galaxy cluster with the mass of 2 quadrillion suns. Also has a systematic designation of ACT-CL J0102-4915. [6] [7] [8] Musket Ball Cluster: Named in comparison to the Bullet Cluster, as this one is older and slower galaxy cluster merger than the Bullet Cluster.
The term "The Local Group" was introduced by Edwin Hubble in Chapter VI of his 1936 book The Realm of the Nebulae. [11] There, he described it as "a typical small group of nebulae which is isolated in the general field" and delineated, by decreasing luminosity, its members to be M31, Milky Way, M33, Large Magellanic Cloud, Small Magellanic Cloud, M32, NGC 205, NGC 6822, NGC 185, IC 1613 and ...
Four of the seven members of galaxy group HCG 16 [1]. A galaxy group [2] or group of galaxies [3] (GrG [4]) is an aggregation of galaxies comprising about 50 or fewer gravitationally bound members, each at least as luminous as the Milky Way (about 10 10 times the luminosity of the Sun); collections of galaxies larger than groups that are first-order clustering are called galaxy clusters. [5]
An open cluster is a type of star cluster made of tens to a few thousand stars that were formed from the same giant molecular cloud and have roughly the same age. More than 1,100 open clusters have been discovered within the Milky Way galaxy, and many more are thought to exist. [1]