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In the context of a positive Hoover's sign, functional weakness (or "conversion disorder") is much more likely than malingering or factitious disorder. [3] Strong hip muscles can make the test difficult to interpret. [4] Efforts have been made to use the theory behind the sign to report a quantitative result. [5]
Ganser syndrome was listed under Factitious Disorder with Psychological Symptoms in the DSM-III. [13] The criteria of this category emphasized symptoms that cannot be explained by other mental disorders, psychological symptoms under the control of the individual, and the goal of assuming a patient role, not otherwise understandable given their circumstances.
A factitious disorder is a mental disorder in which a person, without a malingering motive, acts as if they have an illness by deliberately producing, feigning, or exaggerating symptoms, purely to attain (for themselves or for another) a patient's role.
There are multiple methods to evaluate malingering, such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, which is the most validated test. Other tests include the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms, which is used for psychiatric symptoms , and the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) , intended for false memory deficits. [ 18 ]
Primary gain can be a component of any disease, but is most typically demonstrated in conversion disorder — a psychiatric disorder in which stressors manifest themselves as physical symptoms without organic causes, such as a person who becomes blind after seeing a murder. The "gain" may not be particularly evident to an outside observer.
Symptoms of conversion disorder usually occur suddenly. Conversion disorder was typically observed in people ages 10 to 35, [7] affecting between 0.011% and 0.5% of the general population. [8] Conversion disorder presented motor or sensory symptoms including: Motor symptoms or deficits: Impaired coordination or balance
In malingering the purpose of feigning the disease is to get a secondary gain (eg. getting paid for "getting injured at work"). In factitious disorder there is no actually attempt for secondary gain. It is more to get attention of sorts. AriaNo11 23:42, 9 September 2010 (UTC) Two names for the same exact thing, they should be merged.
Factitious disorder is distinct from malingering in that people with factitious disorder do not fabricate symptoms for material gain such as financial compensation, absence from work, or access to drugs. [47] Somatiform disorders include a range of illnesses where physical symptoms result from psychological stressors. [48]