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Microfluidic structures include micropneumatic systems, i.e. microsystems for the handling of off-chip fluids (liquid pumps, gas valves, etc.), and microfluidic structures for the on-chip handling of nanoliter (nl) and picoliter (pl) volumes. [68] To date, the most successful commercial application of microfluidics is the inkjet printhead. [69]
HPLC columns can also be built directly into microfluidic lab-chips creating monolithic hybrid devices capable of chemical separation as well as droplet formation and manipulation. [215] [217] Additionally, HPLC is used at the tail end of droplet-based microfluidic chemistry as a way to purify, analyze, and quantify the products of an experiment.
Lab disk for protein structure analysis via small-angle X-ray scattering. The centrifugal micro-fluidic biochip or centrifugal micro-fluidic biodisk is a type of lab-on-a-chip technology, also known as lab-on-a-disc, that can be used to integrate processes such as separating, mixing, reaction and detecting molecules of nano-size in a single piece of platform, including a compact disk or DVD.
Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a platform for lab-on-a-chip systems that is based upon the manipulation of microdroplets. Droplets are dispensed, moved, stored, mixed, reacted, or analyzed on a platform with a set of insulated electrodes.
3D Sarfus image of a DNA biochip. The microarray—the dense, two-dimensional grid of biosensors—is the critical component of a biochip platform. Typically, the sensors are deposited on a flat substrate, which may either be passive (e.g. silicon or glass) or active, the latter consisting of integrated electronics or micromechanical devices that perform or assist signal transduction.
Microfluidic devices make possible the study of a single cell to a few hundred cells in a 3D environment. Comparatively, macroscopic 2D cultures have 10 4 to 10 7 cells on a flat surface. [10] Microfluidics also allow for chemical gradients, the continuous flow of fresh media, high through put testing, and direct output to analytical ...
They have developed a microfluidic human-on-a-chip, culturing four different cell types to mimic four human organs: liver, lung, kidney and fat. [104] They focused on developing a standard serum-free culture media that would be valuable to all cell types included in the device. Optimized standard media are generally targeted to one specific ...
A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a device that integrates one or several laboratory functions on a single integrated circuit (commonly called a "chip") of only millimeters to a few square centimeters to achieve automation and high-throughput screening. [1] LOCs can handle extremely small fluid volumes down to less than pico-liters.