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The bicarbonate buffer system is an acid-base homeostatic mechanism involving the balance of carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3), bicarbonate ion (HCO − 3 ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in order to maintain pH in the blood and duodenum , among other tissues, to support proper metabolic function. [ 1 ]
Renal compensation is a mechanism by which the kidneys can regulate the plasma pH. It is slower than respiratory compensation, but has a greater ability to restore normal values. Kidneys maintain the acid-base balance through two mechanisms: (1) the secretion of H + ions into the urine (from the blood) and (2) the reabsorption of bicarbonate ...
Renal physiology (Latin renes, "kidneys") is the study of the physiology of the kidney. This encompasses all functions of the kidney, including maintenance of acid-base balance; regulation of fluid balance; regulation of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes; clearance of toxins; absorption of glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules ...
Carbonic anhydrase helps maintain acid–base homeostasis, regulate pH, and fluid balance. Depending on its location, the role of the enzyme changes slightly. For example, carbonic anhydrase produces acid in the stomach lining. In the kidney, the control of bicarbonate ions influences the water content of the cell.
These buffers include the bicarbonate buffer system, the phosphate buffer system, and the protein buffer system. [7] Respiratory component: The second line of defense is rapid consisting of the control the carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3) concentration in the ECF by changing the rate and depth of breathing by hyperventilation or hypoventilation.
With carbonic acid as the central intermediate species, bicarbonate – in conjunction with water, hydrogen ions, and carbon dioxide – forms this buffering system, which is maintained at the volatile equilibrium [3] required to provide prompt resistance to pH changes in both the acidic and basic directions.
The regulation of the acid-base balance through the bicarbonate buffer system is provided by the lungs and kidneys. [148] The lungs regulate CO 2 ( carbon dioxide ) level, while the kidneys regulate HCO 3 − and H + ( bicarbonate and hydrogen ions ). [ 149 ]
Recall that the relationship represented in a Davenport diagram is a relationship between three variables: P CO 2, bicarbonate concentration and pH.Thus, Fig. 7 can be thought of as a topographical map—that is, a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional surface—where each isopleth indicates a different partial pressure or “altitude.”