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Intel distributes microcode updates as a 2,048 (2 kilobyte) binary blob. [1] The update contains information about which processors it is designed for, so that this can be checked against the result of the CPUID instruction. [ 1 ]
Intel reported that they are preparing new patches to mitigate these flaws. [24] On August 14, 2018, Intel disclosed three additional chip flaws referred to as L1 Terminal Fault (L1TF). They reported that previously released microcode updates, along with new, pre-release microcode updates can be used to mitigate these flaws. [25] [26]
Intel processor microcode security update (fixes the issues when running 32-bit virtual machines in PAE mode) Notes on Intel Microcode Updates, March 2013, by Ben Hawkes, archived from the original on September 7, 2015; Hole seen in Intel's bug-busting feature, EE Times, 2002, by Alexander Wolfe, archived from the original on March 9, 2003
On 29 January 2018, Microsoft was reported to have released a Windows update that disabled the problematic Intel Microcode fix—which had, in some cases, caused reboots, system instability, and data loss or corruption—issued earlier by Intel for the Spectre Variant 2 attack.
Meltdown exploits a race condition, inherent in the design of many modern CPUs.This occurs between memory access and privilege checking during instruction processing. . Additionally, combined with a cache side-channel attack, this vulnerability allows a process to bypass the normal privilege checks that isolate the exploit process from accessing data belonging to the operating system and other ...
In October 2018, Intel disclosed a TSX/TSX-NI memory ordering issue found in some Skylake processors. [26] As a result of a microcode update, HLE support was disabled in the affected CPUs, and RTM was mitigated by sacrificing one performance counter when used outside of Intel SGX mode or System Management Mode . System software would have to ...
Ivy Bridge is the codename for Intel's 22 nm microarchitecture used in the third generation of the Intel Core processors (Core i7, i5, i3). Ivy Bridge is a die shrink to 22 nm process based on FinFET ("3D") Tri-Gate transistors , from the former generation's 32 nm Sandy Bridge microarchitecture—also known as tick–tock model .
Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX) is a set of instruction codes implementing trusted execution environment that are built into some Intel central processing units (CPUs). They allow user-level and operating system code to define protected private regions of memory, called enclaves .